发布和更新
Learning goals
If you've been following along, this is the last step of the tutorial! In this part, you will publish your app to GitHub releases and integrate automatic updates into your app code.
Using update.electronjs.org
The Electron maintainers provide a free auto-updating service for open-source apps at https://update.electronjs.org. Its requirements are:
- Your app runs on macOS or Windows
- Your app has a public GitHub repository
- Builds are published to GitHub releases
- Builds are code signed
At this point, we'll assume that you have already pushed all your code to a public GitHub repository.
If you're using an alternate repository host (e.g. GitLab or Bitbucket) or if you need to keep your code repository private, please refer to our step-by-step guide on hosting your own Electron update server.
Publishing a GitHub release
Electron Forge has Publisher plugins that can automate the distribution of your packaged application to various sources. In this tutorial, we will be using the GitHub Publisher, which will allow us to publish our code to GitHub releases.
Generating a personal access token
Forge cannot publish to any repository on GitHub without permission. You need to pass in an authenticated token that gives Forge access to your GitHub releases. The easiest way to do this is to create a new personal access token (PAT) with the public_repo scope, which gives write access to your public repositories. Make sure to keep this token a secret.
Setting up the GitHub Publisher
Installing the module
Forge's GitHub Publisher is a plugin that needs to be installed in your project's devDependencies:
- npm
- Yarn
npm install --save-dev @electron-forge/publisher-github
yarn add --dev @electron-forge/publisher-github
Configuring the publisher in Forge
Once you have it installed, you need to set it up in your Forge configuration. A full list of options is documented in the Forge's PublisherGitHubConfig API docs.
{
//...
"config": {
"forge": {
"publishers": [
{
"name": "@electron-forge/publisher-github",
"config": {
"repository": {
"owner": "github-user-name",
"name": "github-repo-name"
},
"prerelease": false,
"draft": true
}
}
]
}
}
//...
}
Notice that you have configured Forge to publish your release as a draft. This will allow you to see the release with its generated artifacts without actually publishing it to your end users. You can manually publish your releases via GitHub after writing release notes and double-checking that your distributables work.
Setting up your authentication token
You also need to make the Publisher aware of your authentication token. By default, it will use the value stored in the GITHUB_TOKEN environment variable.
Running the publish command
Add Forge's publish command to your npm scripts.
//...
"scripts": {
"start": "electron-forge start",
"package": "electron-forge package",
"make": "electron-forge make",
"publish": "electron-forge publish"
},
//...
This command will run your configured makers and publish the output distributables to a new GitHub release.
- npm
- Yarn
npm run publish
yarn run publish
By default, this will only publish a single distributable for your host operating system and architecture. You can publish for different architectures by passing in the --arch flag to your Forge commands.
The name of this release will correspond to the version field in your project's package.json file.
Optionally, you can also [tag your releases in Git][git-tag] so that your release is associated with a labeled point in your code history. npm comes with a handy npm version command that can handle the version bumping and tagging for you.
Bonus: Publishing in GitHub Actions
Publishing locally can be painful, especially because you can only create distributables for your host operating system (i.e. you can't publish a Window .exe file from macOS).
A solution for this would be to publish your app via automation workflows such as GitHub Actions, which can run tasks in the cloud on Ubuntu, macOS, and Windows. This is the exact approach taken by Electron Fiddle. You can refer to Fiddle's Build and Release pipeline and Forge configuration for more details.
Instrumenting your updater code
Now that we have a functional release system via GitHub releases, we now need to tell our Electron app to download an update whenever a new release is out. Electron apps do this via the autoUpdater module, which reads from an update server feed to check if a new version is available for download.
The update.electronjs.org service provides an updater-compatible feed. For example, Electron Fiddle v0.28.0 will check the endpoint at https://update.electronjs.org/electron/fiddle/darwin/v0.28.0 to see if a newer GitHub release is available.
After your release is published to GitHub, the update.electronjs.org service should work for your application. The only step left is to configure the feed with the autoUpdater module.
To make this process easier, the Electron team maintains the update-electron-app module, which sets up the autoUpdater boilerplate for update.electronjs.org in one function call — no configuration required. This module will search for the update.electronjs.org feed that matches your project's package.json "repository" field.
First, install the module as a runtime dependency.
- npm
- Yarn
npm install update-electron-app
yarn add update-electron-app
Then, import the module and call it immediately in the main process.
require('update-electron-app')()
And that is all it takes! Once your application is packaged, it will update itself for each new GitHub release that you publish.
摘要
In this tutorial, we configured Electron Forge's GitHub Publisher to upload your app's distributables to GitHub releases. Since distributables cannot always be generated between platforms, we recommend setting up your building and publishing flow in a Continuous Integration pipeline if you do not have access to machines.
Electron applications can self-update by pointing the autoUpdater module to an update server feed. update.electronjs.org is a free update server provided by Electron for open-source applications published on GitHub releases. Configuring your Electron app to use this service is as easy as installing and importing the update-electron-app module.
If your application is not eligible for update.electronjs.org, you should instead deploy your own update server and configure the autoUpdater module yourself.
From here, you have officially completed our tutorial to Electron. Feel free to explore the rest of our docs and happy developing! If you have questions, please stop by our community Discord server.